Dr. Cr sathyanarayanan
Medical director and specialist
Internal Medicine
“Doctor I am absolutely normal and have no symptoms, but my family doctor says that I have high blood pressure and should take medication. I don’t understand. Why should I take medication when I am, ok?” Or “for me my normal BP 150/90 doctor and it has been so and absolutely familiar with it for many years”. These are frequent questions with which every doctor is confronted every day. What is high blood pressure?
Why is it important to keep it under control?
Simply put, blood pressure is the pressure that is in blood vessels of the human body by pumping the heart. When the heart contracts, it presses the blood with strength and is measured as a systolic blood pressure, and when the heart relaxes, the pressure measured in the peripheries is called diastolic pressure. In a normal human adult, it should be below 140 (systolic)/90 (diastolic) mmHg. If this exceeds this, it is harmful to humans and can lead to complications. As you can see, high blood pressure is not a disease, but a physiological disorder that can lead to several diseases in the long run. This explains why a person with high blood pressure should take medication for a long time to keep them under control, as they cannot reverse the process of physiological disorder.
On the whole, there are two types of high blood pressure. One is a primary or essential hypertension, which is available in 90% of the people with high blood pressure, and the second is a secondary hypertension that is available in 10% of people with high blood pressure. It is caused by certain endocrinological diseases such as Con’s syndrome, Cushing syndrome, etc., and they are curable if the cause factor is eliminated or treated.
There is a third type of high blood pressure, which is referred to as an over -hypertension of an employee in which the patient has high blood pressure when he visits the doctor’s clinic or hospital settings, and it will be normal when he is at home. This is done on the basis of anxiety and to confirm that we carry out a special test as a CABP monitoring (continuous outpatient blood pressure), and if the results are normal, it does not have to be treated for high blood pressure.
Why should we treat high blood pressure?
The continuous high blood pressure over 140/90 mm HG leads to damage to the arterial network and thickening of the peripheral blood vessels and the enlargement of the heart. This leads to a reduced blood flow to the critical organs such as brain, kidneys, heart and eyes and causes diseases such as
- Retinopathy or eye damage and visual loss
- Myocardial infarction or heart attack
- Heart failure and pulmonary edema or liquid in the lungs
- Irregular heartbeats or atrial fibrillation
- Brainhub or cerebrovascular disease
- kidney
The treatment of high blood pressure not only saves life, but also reduces the effects on the quality of life.
Risk factors for the development of high blood pressure
Who is susceptible to the development of high blood pressure? Everyone can develop high blood pressure. Some factors that increase the risk
- Genetics, those who have a family history of high blood pressure are more at risk compared to the general population.
- Old
- Sitting
- Obesity or obesity
- High salt intake in the food
- Drink too much
Diagnosis of high blood pressure
Around 1.28 billion people in the age group of 30 to 79 years have high blood pressure. Surprisingly, two thirds of these people come from countries with low and medium -sized incomes.
High blood pressure is no longer a disease in the West that is wealthy society. Unfortunately, 46% of people with high blood pressure are not aware of and only 42% of the people with high blood pressure are diagnosed and treated. Only 21% or 1 out of 5 adults with high blood pressure have controlled hypertension through treatment. One of the main causes of early death worldwide is high blood pressure. It is a big health problem that urgently requires the attention of health care.
Hypertension is diagnosed when the systolic blood pressure of more than 140 mmHg and or diastolic blood pressure of more than 90 mmHg, measured on two different days after resting of 5 minutes, is measured comfortably in a quiet environment.
What are the symptoms?
The majority of people with high blood pressure is asymptomatic. That is why we call it “silent killer”. If the blood pressure is very high (180/120 mmHg and above), people may symptoms like
- Severe headache, especially in the neck of the neck
- Valug
- Nausea and vomiting
- Bleeding out of the nose
- Dizziness or dizziness
- Chest pain
- Difficulty
- Synopal attacks
- Irregular heartbeat
- Confusion and weakness
As we can see that these are not specific symptoms that can occur in many other diseases. The only way to diagnose high blood pressure is to regularly check the blood pressure and advise the doctor.
Prevention and treatment
Hypertension is divided into different stages, as shown in the following table.
Patients with a normal category with high and mild (mild) level 1 can initially decide a modification for lifestyles and do not have to decide immediately medication. But those who fall in level 2 or moderate high blood pressure should begin with medication with changes in lifestyle. As far as Level-3 is concerned, it is medical emergency and must be treated immediately, and those who fall into this category should immediately obtain medical help.
The goal of the goal to prevent the complications is below 140/90 mmHg if there are no other comorbid diseases such as uncontrolled diabetes, heart disease, brainstulk, chronic kidney diseases. The goal of this type of patient is less than 130/80 mmHg.
The modification for lifestyles not only helps people with high blood pressure to reduce blood pressure, but also helps normal people to prevent the development of high blood pressure. It includes.
- Nutrition healthy sodium diet. One of the most recommended nutritional plan is DASH (dietary approaches to end high blood pressure). It is recommended to have food rich in potassium, calcium and magnesium and to take a reduced sodium and saturated fat.
- Physical activity- it is recommended to have at least 30 minutes of movement per day and 150 minutes in an intensity with the movement by your doctor due to your health. Normal walking, swimming, cycling can be carried out regularly.
- Losing weight is very if an overweight person loses 10% of body weight, his blood pressure can reduce at least 5 mmHg to a maximum of 10 mmHg.
- Stop or reduce
- Stop
- Sleep at least 6 to 7 hours per
It is important that patients take the prescribed medication regularly and follow the doctor according to the appointment. Various drugs are available and are prescribed by the doctor concerned according to the patient’s state of health. All of these drugs can have an adverse effects, and if at all, the patients should report to the doctor immediately and change the medication instead of distinguishing them themselves.
Finally, high blood pressure is a big health problem not only globally, but also for individuals and family. The morbidity and mortality that are caused by their complications costs society and the individual families. It is therefore important to create awareness in society and prevent it from being the best solution. The global goal that is determined by the WHO to reduce the prevalence of high blood pressure by 33% between 2010 and 2030. It can only be achieved if everyone involved is involved and tirelessly work towards reaching the goal.